MICROSOFT EXCEL - PURCHASE DAY BOOK

PURCHASE DAY BOOK
this is as well a spreadsheet analysis, that is used mainly for the calculation of the total amount of goods bought into a firm or business unit, this is done for the aim of continuing the companys operation, services and transactions. Every business unit carry out purchase day book, the reason because they want to make out profit. It is quite the opposite of sales day book as discussed in my last post. Well, as a spreadsheet package program unit, there are fields used for accurate calculations, they include the following;

S/N
PARTICULARS
QUANTITY
RATE
COST
we already know the meaning and uses of the above fields from my last post, so watch and try to understand the table (spreadsheet) below..

 if you notice, we have almost same fields with that of sales day book, so the formular for cost remains thesame, it doesnt change.But how can we determine the cell it is ?
Now, you may be wondering how i got the answers, the first thing to do it to determine the cell carrying the figure, look at the image below

from the above image, we have numbers at the left side and we have aphabelts at the top. now each aphabelt represents a colomn and each number represent a roll.But in trying to determine the name of the cell, lets try to write something in the cell. I will write 1000 in a cell and will show you how to determine the name of that cell carrying 1000. (see image below)

from this image you notice that 1000 is written in a cell and the name box is displaying D6, but how can we be sure this is accurate ? This is where we now come to tracing the cell's name. Look at the colomn D and count downward from the the cell imediately after it you will arrive to 6, now take the aphabelt first before taking the number, D and 6, hence we call it D6. so instead of saying 1000 cell we can say D6. for more understanding of this you can use the comment box or contact me via whatsapp 08138976743

MICROSOFT EXCEL - SALES DAY BOOK ?

Sales day book is a spreadsheet analysis that is used for the calculation of goods sold out of a firm in a given sales day, week, month or year.. This topic in Microsoft excel is of importance to managements, as this can help them to know it they are making profits or running loss. Well, there are some functions (little formulas  that are applied before the program starts functioning well. All the topics have their own formulas  so please do not join them together, if you get confused along the way simply drop your question/questions in my comment box and i will pay attention to it.
The fields present in sales day book are as follows;
SERIAL NUMBER
DATE
NAME OF CUSTOMER
PARTICULARS
QUANTITY
RATE
COST
CASH
BALANCE

The serial number is our normal numeric values, numbering from 1-0. To get this in excel, all you have to do is to click on a cell and type the number (1). As you will see, the cell containing the 1 is an active cell, hence its border will be thicker and it will also have a thick dark spot at the bottom right. Now all you have to do is to take your cursor to that spot and click and hold and drag it downward, holding down your control key, when you get to your destination, LEAVE THE CONTROL KEY BEFORE LEAVING THE LEFT CLICK BUTTON, you will see the numbers is order from 1-20 as the case may be. Another way of doing this is by holding your left click, drag it to the button without holding your control key, after leaving the left click you will notice what you will have is a repeated figure like....
Now at the bottom left you will see a discussion box, click on the arrow and select FILL SERIES, all the numbers will be arranged in order.

Date: the date has to be the present date,Well it has its own formula but the formula can be wrong when you have a wrong date in your system, so it is advised that you correct your date in your computer before applying the formula. What you have to do is click on the cell you want to add the date to and type either of the formula's below
=NOW()
=TODAY()
=DATE()
If you want to apply the date according to the number of serial numbers you have, you don't need to repeat the formula again, all you have to do is to click on the answer given to you by the formula and click and hold and drag downward without holding the control key... (THIS VIDEO IS HERE FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING)

Name of customers: These are the names of the customers that bought from that firm at that particular day.

Particulars: these are the goods bought by the customers. If the goods bought are in series or models, they should be specified with the aid of a bracket.

Quantity: this is the number of particulars obtained by the customer.

RATE: this is the cost of one of the particulars, if the goods bought are 3, how much does one cost?

Cost: this is the amount the firm sold a product, hence multiplying quantity and rate will give you this amount. Formula is =SUM(E5*F5), if the fields are much, there's no need of repeating the same formula, all you need do it click and hold and drag for the answer to be applied to all.

Cash: this is the amount deposited by the customer for the purchased goods. This is not a fixed amount, while doing this we can assume the amounts in percentages, the formula is =SUM(G5*90%). where G5 is the cost and the customer paid 90% of the actual cost amount.

Balance: this is the remaining amount the customer will be paying to the firm. =SUM(G5-H5), WHERE G5 IS THE COST AND H5 IS THE CASH...

For better understanding study the image below.

MICROSOFT WORD - TABLE

A table is nothing different from what we call a spread sheet in Microsoft excel, it consists of rows and columns in which data can be entered. Like i said in one of my previous posts, when a row cuts across a column a little rectangle is formed and that rectangle is what we refer to as a CELL. Comparing the table in word and excel can be said to be futile because excel was designed specifically that why, while word only has a feature like that. So how can i get a table in Microsoft word becomes the next question. A table is not very hard or easy to look for, but am going to show you how and were it can be gotten and also the uses.
Table is found under the insert button in the menu bar, after clicking on the insert button, click on table, something will appear like the image below

 (IMAGE GOTTEN FROM WIKIHOW, FOR VERSION 2007).
If you count the number of boxes there, you will discover that the columns are 10 while the rows are just 8, making it 10x8. that's the total number of default table the computer can give to you. In some cases we might be asked to design a table that probably has more or lesser than the default table, what can we do ?
If i am asked to create a table containing 4 columns and 4 rows, i will click on insert, then table and move my cursor to the forth column after which i take my hands downward to the forth row and then click on the last cell for the table to be drawn. But in a situation where i am to draw a table carrying more rows, columns and cells than the default, what i am expected to do is this;
After clicking in table
Click insert table (BOX SEEN BELOW WILL APPEAR)

where we have number of rows and columns  what you do is to type the required number there and click on OK and the table will appear on the typing page, there the user (you and i) can decide to edit the borders, change the table pattern, alignment and also remove some lines with the aid of the eraser tool.
Under table, we also have the DRAW TABLE feature which helps me to draw or attach another table to an existing table or create a new table as the case may be.
We also have the advantage of inserting tables from Microsoft excel and also accessing the quick tables in forms of calenders.

HOW CAN I ADD A ROW OR COLUMN TO AN EXISTING TABLE?
this is done by highlighting a portion of the table and then right click on the highlighted portion and click on insert. This is where we find the options, either to add rows and columns to left or right. When any of these is selected, they effect is seen immediately.

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MICROSOFT WORD - MENU BAR (HOME)

Home in Microsoft word is among the members of the menu bar and its the first among them, and its the first among all. It is divided into 5 sections, which are;

CLIPBOARD
FONT
PARAGRAPH
STYLES
EDITING

CLIPBOARD: this features enable the user to copy, cut and paste the content of the clipboard. sometimes, it can be applied to other clipboards.

FONT: Under font we are able to adjust our font using the tools provided, we have various fonts and they differ from one another, hence i refer to as different persons with different hand writings. Although there are some fonts that looks alike while some are different. But all the same fonts are fonts, they add to the beautification of our documents. there are fonts specifically made for word processing, some are made for graphic designs, some are made for presentations and many more. All these adjustments are made possible because of the presence of; font size which enables us to change the size of a desired font (usually ends at 72), grow font and shrink font which function as font sizes (more than 72), clear formatting which helps to remove formatting from a selection and leave only the plain text, bold which enables the text to thick, italics makes the text to be slant, underline adds a line under the text (THE ARROW CLOSE TO IT INDICATES THERE ARE MORE OTHER UNDERLINES THERE), strike through which can be used to strike through the middle of a selected text and also used to produce a Naira sign, subscripts creates small texts below text base line, in mathematics we call it BASE, superscript used to create small text above text line, usually called RAISED TO POWER, we also have the change case which is used to change the font either to sentence case, toggle case, upper case, lower case etc. We have font color used to change the text color and we also have text highlight color used for making a text looks like i was marked by a pen. The most important feature in the font menu is the font dialogue box (control + D), its seen below, all the features in font are there among others like strike through, double strike through used for the production of a Naira sign etc.

PARAGRAPH: this feature helps the user to add bullets for listing and multilevel listing, helps to adjust the text alignment by placing them either in left (control + L), right (control + R) or center (control + E). line spacing changes the spacing between lines of text, shading helps to add color to the background of a text and many others.

STYLES: this is most important at the early stage of using the program, it occurs when the user is about setting up the page. Styles are used to create appropriate spaces between our sentences, i will give you an example from the images below....

 from the image above you find out that the spaces in between each sentences are much to the extent that another sentence can enter in between those sentences.

Now look at the other image, from this image you notice that the spaces between the sentences are just appropriate for each other and another sentence cannot come in.

EDITING: under this we have the find and replace feature, which helps the user to find words in a typed document (control +F) and tend to replace (control +H) it with another. In the case of this find and replace, if for example i am typing a document and among the sentences that makes up the document is the word programme instead of program. And i have typed programme as program in many occasions in this present document, with the help of the find feature i am able highlight all the "PROGRAMME" by pressing control +F

and type the word to be found, after which i press control + H

and then type the word to be used in place  of programme. When this is done, proof read your document you will find out that all the programmes have been changed to program, for ideas and questions about this, use the comment box.
Aside from the find and replace feature, the editing column also have the selcet tool which is used for selecting objects together, thereby holding them together for either grouping or ungrouping.

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MICROSOFT POWER POINT - USES

This is an application program that is designed specifically for creating presentations. what is a presentation? A presentation is the combination of words, text, objects, pictures, sounds and others to pass out an information to the public.

The above stated medias have their different means of communication with the users, we will talk about that of music/sound. In our locality here in Nigeria, we have some channels that broadcast news to us like DRTV at 7 pm and NTA at 9 pm news. We will assume all our readers (you) wants to listen to this NTA news. Now, we are going to assume the time is 8:55 pm, meaning we all have just 5 minutes to spend before the news commences. Within that 5 minutes i decided to take a bath, while in the bathroom i heard the opening song of the NTA news. what comes to my mind? the first thing that comes to my mind is that, the news has started, meaning my 5 minutes has been exhausted and the time is 9 pm. With the aid of that song we have all been able to know that the time is already 9 pm. Apart from sound there are other ways listed above, feel free to contact me if your interested in telling us about any other way familiar to you.
Any work done in PowerPoint is called a PRESENTATION, Microsoft power point is also a member of the MICROSOFT CO-OPERATION, and its among the Microsoft office package, which makes their opening process the same, by;
clicking on the start or windows button
click all programs
click Microsoft office
click Microsoft power point.

This program has different views present in it, they are;
NORMAL VIEW
SLIDE VIEW
SORTER VIEW
When the program is launched, from the picture below

you can see that the screen is divided into you parts, which are the slides and the normal slides, whatever is done in the slide is displayed in the normal slide, so the normal slide is like a preview of the slides. To create a new slide press (control + m). These are parts of the screen organization, which we will talk about much more later..
When the program is opened, the first thing to do is to remove the two text boxes in the normal slide. This can be done in several ways, either by pressing CONTROL + A and press delete or highlight all by click and hold and dragging and press delete, or we can simply click on each of them and press delete. After this is done the next thing to do is to know the number of slides your presentation will take and create that number of slide.. After those text boxes have been removed, if i press control m, the slide that will be produced will have the same text boxes, so the best thing to do is simply to right click on the slide and click on duplicate slide, then we can have exactly our previous slide.
The screen organization, uses, features and more will be discussed as time goes on, and will be added to this label.

MICROSOFT EXCEL - IMPORTANCE AND USES

This is another application program, it is specifically designed to organise data in tables and also to analyse the tabulated data. its main aim or purpose of usage is for calculations.
There is no much difference between ms word and ms excel, except for the presence of cells gotten from rows and columns in excel, which we call a spreadsheet.

A spreadsheet is a simple worksheet in which data can be entered. a spreadsheet consists of several number of rows and colomns. The colomns is excel are represented with the aphabelts while the rows are represented with numbers. To see the last row and last column in excel, simply press the control key + Right direction, this will display the last column, then press control + button, this is display the last row in the excel worksheet. A spreadsheet consists of rows, columns and cells, like i said earlier the rows are represented by numbers while the columns by aphabelts. Now if we have 3 parallel lines and 3 vertical lines and we decide to place those lines on top of each other, it will produce something like this
now,

Then those lines cut across each other, you discover a little rectangle or rectangles are formed, those rectangles are what we now call cell or cells. In this program we have billions of cells, but it might interest you to know that among all these available cells, a user can only make use of one at a time and this can only happen to active cells. So how can i make a cell active ? This is very easy, all you have to do is click on the cell. But how can i know this cell i clicked on is now active?
.
THICKNESS OF THE CELL: when a cell is clicked it becomes an active cell and its border thickness differs from every other cells in the worksheet.
Another way to know is that, there is always a thick dark spot at the button right of the clicked cell.

There is also what we call the name box and the formular bar, this two features are really a great tool for excel users. The name box displays the name of the active cell when clicked while the formular bar helps for correcting wrong formulars typed in by the user...
In Microsoft excel, any job done is not called a document, but its called a worksheet, take note of that.
This program is versely used in the world, as it is used in most business places, banks, churches and otherwise..
During the course of our tutoring, we will be talking about the following topics in excel
SALES DAY BOOK
PURCHASE DAY BOOK
PAYROLL ANALYSIS
DATA ANALYSIS
LOGICAL FUNCTION
STATISTICAL FUNCTION & MORE

WHAT MAKES UP THE SCREEN ORGANISATION OR THE ENVIRONMENT OF MS WORD

The environment of Microsoft word enables the user to be familiar with the program and also helps the operation of it to be much more easier to handle. As stated in my last post, some of the important features (BUTTONS AND BARS) are listed below
1. OFFICE OR FILE BUTTON
2. TITLE BAR
3. MENU BAR consisting of the following
A. HOME
B. INSERT
C. PAGE LAYOUT
D. REFERENCE
E. MAILINGS
F. REVIEW
G. VIEW
H. FORMAT
4. CONTEXTUAL BAR
5. RULER BAR
6. WORK SPACE
7. SCROLL BUTTON
8. STATUS BAR
We will be discussing about the above listed features

OFFICE BUTTON: this is the first button in Microsoft word, inform of a circle as shown below.
this button is of much importance to the user as it has much features such as NEW, OPEN, SAVE, SAVE AS, PRINT, PREPARE, PUBLISH, SEND and CLOSE.

New is used for creating a new blank document. Open is used for opening an old document, maybe for adjustments or probably to be printed out.

Save is the process of giving a particular document a file name for identification (F12). When using this feature, the user must specify a drive where the document will be saved.

Save As is used for continuous saving to a previous saved document ( CONTROL +S ).

Print features is used for bringing the soft copy to hard copy with the aid of an installed printer in the computer.

Prepare can be used to run compatibility check on documents as well as add encryption to a document.

Publish can be used to send a particular document as a blog post (used by some bloggers).

Send helps the user to transfer the document as a mail message or a mail attachment to other users as information's.

Close is used for exiting the office button and takes you back to the environment

TITLE BAR: the title bar is the first bar in the program MS WORD, it is situated at the top of the programs environment. When the program is opened at first, what you see in the tile bar is DOCUMENT 1, but after that document has been saved, the given file name will be what will appear there. I.E if i save a document with NELSON, when i open that document my tile bar will display NELSON instead of document  1. In other words, the title bar displays the name of every document in ms word.


MENU BAR: the menu bar displays features like, HOME, INSERT, PAGE LAYOUT, REFERENCE, MAILINGS, REVIEW, VIEW, FORMAT. We well be talking about each of them as time goes on. Each of the listed features has its own function, although some of them possesses each others features at some case, all of these will be highlighted.

CONTEXTUAL BAR: this bar is sometimes called the property bar or command tab, the reason is because it carries all the properties of the active menu bar. When a user click on INSERT from the menu bar, the contextual bar displays the properties of that active menu bar.

RULER BAR: the ruler bar shows the width and length of the working area of the page, it is also used for the setting of indents on the document.

WORK SPACE:the work space is where the user uses for his/her typing, editing. it is that white big open space in Microsoft word, its main use is for the typing.

SCROLL BUTTON: this button in Microsoft word is used to move to different directions in the working page, with the scroll button we can move up, down, left and right. In some other programs it has same features.

STATUS BAR: the status bar displays the number of current pages and words the typist has used.

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DEFINITION OF THE PROGRAM MICROSOFT WPRD

As mentioned in my previous post talking about the Microsoft programs, i mentioned Microsoft word as one of the programs developed by this great company (MICROSOFT), so today am going to discuss about this program to the extent of my knowledge, of course your knowledge about it are welcome. So your free to drop comments, ask questions and also make contributions..

This program, among other Microsoft programs were developed at the same date and year.  All the developed software packages were combined together and they are called MICROSOFT OFFICE, in this Microsoft office is where we have Microsoft word. Word is an application program that is used basically for typesetting, it can also be refereed to as a program that is used for typing, storing and printing out documents. It is called an application software because it is developed just to perform that function and to meet the standard of the users. Any job done in Microsoft word (whether graphic or not) is regarded to be a DOCUMENT.

This program has grown so wide and has been very useful to the society, over the years i have seen lots of prove about this. Well, due to gradual upgrades this program has various versions which will be listed below. we have;

VERSIONS OF MICROSOFT WORD

Microsoft word 2000

Microsoft word 2003

Microsoft word 2005

Microsoft word 2007 (i learnt with this)

Microsoft word 2010 and now 

Microsoft word 2013. i think sooner or later we will be expecting other latest versions.

Among the listed versions above, many of us would have one or the other, Well this does not mean that the old versions are not good. Of course they are OK but the thing is the other new or should i say the latest versions are more equipped and easier to handle in order for the user to provide utility to the public.. Hence what 2003 can do 2005 can do better, what 2005 can do 2007 can do better, what 2007 can do 2010 can do better, what 2010 can 2013 can do better and the list goes on and on.

 HOW TO OPEN MICROSOFT WORD

To open the program if you have it installed in your computer

1. click on the start button ( for windows xp users)

    click or press the windows key

2. click on ALL PROGRAMS

3. click on Microsoft office

4. Click on Microsoft word, the program will be opened.

When Microsoft word is opened for the first time, the first thing expected from the user is the setting up of the page. how can this be done ? lets see.

(THE VIDEO BELOW WILL HELP)

WE can see more from YOUTUBE, Well the first thing to do is to click on PAGE LAYOUT from the Menu bar, then click on ORIENTATION, then select either portrait or landscape, how the page will look like when selected is shown there. After that, click on size and select A4 which is the normal typing paper size. Click on margins and select normal and lastly click on columns and select 1, but if you want more than one column you can select the desired number. Go back home by clicking home, under STYLES select NO SPACING before selecting your font sizes.

SCREEN ORGANIZATION OR THE ENVIRONMENT OF MS WORD

Microsoft word, like every other application programs has its screen organization. It consists of the following;

1. OFFICE OR FILE BUTTON

2. TITLE BAR

3. MENU BAR consisting of the following 

A. HOME

B. INSERT

C. PAGE LAYOUT

D. REFERENCE

E. MAILINGS

F. REVIEW

G. VIEW

H. FORMAT

4. CONTEXTUAL BAR

5. RULER BAR

6. WORK SPACE

7. SCROLL BUTTON

8. STATUS BAR

we will be discussing about these highlighted topics as time goes on. Our next post will be talking about the screen organization, its functions, its uses and others.

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WHAT IS WINDOWS, VERSIONS OF WINDOWS ?

WINDOWS

Window is a working environment, it is popularly called the operating system. it makes the usage of the computer much simple, it allows one to carry out different tasks on the computer. Windows can display text, graphics (pictures and icons) on the screen. With the aid of windows in our computer we are able to power on the computer, the computer in return is supplied power to pass the booting process. So we can rightly say that windows is like a middle-man between the computer itself and its user/users..
There are various versions of windows, both the previous and present versions are mentioned below
Windows 3.1
Windows 9.5
Windows 98
Windows 2000
Windows millennium
Windows vista
Windows unlimited
Windows xp
Windows 7 and all other sub versions
Windows 8
Windows 8.1
Among windows we have icons, folders, pointers, menu and many more

Pointers: A pointer is an arrow symbol that usually moves on the computer screen depending on the direction sent to by the user. it is used to point and select a program, files, pictures, musics and others to work with. its seen below

Menus: this is a bar that contains  list of commands or actions that can be carried out on the computer..

we have the task bar that consists of the start menu, zooming tool, time and sate, battery meter, speaker meter, internet connection symbol and hidden icons symbols. we also have the status bar which displays only in running programs and sometimes depending on the program, it displays some features like number of words and pages typed in Microsoft word and others.
Windows can also be called a multi-task systems that helps to operate hardware and software resources of the entire computer system. it provides a graphical interface which the user can easily interact with.

FUNCTIONS OF WINDOWS

windows can perform the following tasks;
hardware management
interaction with application software
starting the computer
virus prevention
utility program
system maintenance
memory management
passing the booting stage
and many more

HOW TO KNOW THE VERSION OF WINDOWS IN YOUR COMPUTER
1. Click on the start or windows button
2. Right click on MY COMPUTER
3 click on properties
or
simply press Windows Pause
or press windows + E and then
Right click and click on properties.

BASIC WINDOWS COMMANDS
A click on the start or windows button will display a list options called the list menu. all the list are command which can run on the computer, some of these are;
Programs: shows a list of programs the user can access
Favorites: shows interesting packages
Documents: shows a list of documents previously accessed
Settings: shows a list of system component which can be re-configured
Find: this shows a list of system commands that can search for folders, files etc
Help: this features enables the user to find answers to unanswered questions about windows
Run: this command enables the user to start a program or open a folder or a file when a MS DOS command it typed. e.g click on run and type CMD and click OK, the command prompt will display (program)
Sleep: puts the system to sleep, although not fully active
Shutdown: turn off the computer and provides a proper exit from the computer etc.
For windows guidelines, drop your comments and your email address if you need more, it will be sent to you.

AMAZING MICROSOFT PROGRAMS

Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers and services. You don't need to be a computer literate before you know about the greatness of the Microsoft co-operation. Microsoft programs are programs designed by Microsoft. Microsoft is a company, and it is among other companies called software developers. This company was discovered in the year 1975 April 4 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen and it has its head quarters at Redmond, WA, United States of America. This company has been of great help to all facets of life pertaining to the software development and technologies in the world as a whole, by producing various software's meeting different purposes and also electronic mails and others.
As time goes on we will be talking about some software they have produced and how they can be of help to us and also about their mails as well. Well, there are lots of programs produced by Microsoft, namely;
Windows
Hotmail
outlook
live.com
Xbox
Bing
Skype
Office (which includes)
Microsoft word
Microsoft excel
Microsoft power point
Microsoft information path
Microsoft access
Microsoft groove
Microsoft money
Microsoft outlook
Microsoft one-note
Microsoft publisher
All the above listed programs are designed to meet specific purposes

IMPORTANCE OF MICROSOFT PROGRAMS
1. Without the presence of windows in our computer system the computer cannot undergo the booting                process
2. with the help of Hotmail, live and outlook which are the same, we are able to save mails and send as wekll as to receive mails
3. the aid of Microsoft Access enables us to make good use of our databases
4. Information path helps in creation of forms
5. Without Microsoft , many other software developers will find it hard to cope with the system, since               Microsoft is regarded as the father     of software's and many others depends on them..

THE COMPUTER SYSTEM - COMPONENTS AND CONSTITUENTS

Constituents and components of the computer
The computer is an electronic device that is used in information analysis and dissemination. it can
perform lots of operations as far as logical and arithmetic without mans intervention. it is automatic
in operation and when the information is fed into the computer, the requires outcome is produced.
This alone tells us that the computer is really a wonderful provision for all of us
But all these are possible due to some other factors that works hand in hand with he
computer system to make it indeed a complete machine. The computer has constituents, with the
help of these constituents, the computer is able to perform its operation without stress.
The constituents of the computer are as follows;
THE HARDWARE
THE SOFTWARE
THE USERS, otherwise called (THE PEOPLE WARE)

As stated above, there are three constituents of the computer.
The hardware/hardware's are the physical parts of the computer we can simply see and even touch
and feel them, the main component of the computer hardware includes the output devices, the input
devices, the storage unit and others. these includes the keyboard, mouse, scanner, punch card, light
pen and many others for the input. as for the output devices, they include; monitor, printer and the
plotter among others.

The software are simply used to command the computer system as discussed in our previous post,
The computer users (PEOPLE WARE) these are you and i who at one time or the other are making
use of the computer and applying it to subject relating to our fields of profession and also trying to
spread the knowledge to others.

The components of the computer are just the hardware and the software

The constituents of the computer can be simply compared to CAR, where the hardware is the
physical part of the car, the Software acting as the fuel and the people ware as the driver. now looking
at this chain, one of the constituent cannot do without the other one. if you have a car and you can
drive but there is no fuel, you know you cannot move the car from its present position, as well as if
you have a car and there is fuel inside but you cannot drive, the car is not leaving as well.At the
same time you may have fuel and can drive but there is no car.... Now try to link the above
illustration to the computer constituent and you will surely get the meaning of what i am saying, so
without one constituent of the computer the computer cannot function properly.. We can say this
because it is the user that controls the software and the software's in turn controls the hardware of
the computer system. Imagine there is a computer and nobody with the knowledge to operate it,
then it will be wasted at that time. so its essential we have the knowledge of various parts of the
computer. this is one of such, dont forget to share this post with your friends, thanks.

ICT SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

Softwares
Your all welcome to this new post, today i will be talking about softwares in general. Before i begin, i would love to tell you the meaning and make sure all you readers understand the meaning of the term software or software development and its programs and also other parts of it that affects you and i in the society, both as individuals or as a group.

Softwares are set of collections or instructions or procedures to follow in performing information processing activities. speaking in terms of the computer, softwares are set of instructions (THE COMPUTER PROGRAMS) that are used basically to command the computer. Hence, we can say that softwares are the primary interface between the users and the machine. People develope softwares, the softwares in turn operate the computer hardware to perform the task given. Several others also produces softwares to best describe theirprocessing heeds to the computer hardware.
Softwares are the invisible parts of the computer that instructs the computer hardware on how to carry out task. there are several classifications of the computer softwares.

they are found below:

SYSTEM SOFTWARES: these are programs that interpretes user programs and commands in application program and activate the proper hardware circuits and devices to perform the processing. The system operates the computer and allows the computer to understand the user as well as the user to understand the computer. As many of us have known, another name for the system software is the OPERATING SYSTEM. So, you might be interested in knowing that the system software is a very important and it acts as an intermidary between the users application program and the computer hardware while user programs specifies an output preparation.
finally, any program that allows a program that acts upon instructions provided by any application program are collectively known as system softwares
types of system softwares are as follows
1. DOS - single user operating system
a. M.S DOS
b. D.R DOS
c. P.C DOS
d. COMPAW DOS
2. Unix - multiple user operating system
3. Zenix
4. Ps/2
5. Os/z
6. Windows
7. Linux

DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARES: this function of the operating system is to control the input and output of data as well as their location storage and retrieval. Data management programs controls the allocation ofstorage and secondary storage devices..

JOB MANAGEMENT SOFTWARES: job management softwares helps in preparing in scheduling and monitoring of jobs for continous processing by the computer system. A job control language (J.C.L) is a special computer language found in the maniframe computer envirnment that allows a program to communicate with the operating system.

APPLICATION SOFTWARES: these are programs designed to perform specific tasks. they provide the users a desire, they are created specifically to meet business, mathematical and scientific processing needs. they are languages that allows people to express their processing requirements in english like form. The computer understands only binary language, hence it cannot execute application programs instruction directly, this implies that user programs onyl specify what operations are to be done and not how they are done. the computer requires instructions that tells the hardware exactly how to carryout the requested operation. Languages used in writing such programs are COBOL (COMMON BUSINESS ORIENTED LANGUAGE) BASIC (BEGINNERS ALL PURPOSE SYMBOLIC INSTRUCTION CODE) and FORTRAN (FORMULA TRANSLATOR). Application programs are categorized into the following group accoding to their formula nd purpose.

1. WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARES: these are softwares that are used for typing and printing of     all types of documents. they allow entering of text and graphics for quality type setting. some      examples are as follow:
Microsoft
Word perfect
Multimate
Tector
Gramatic

2. SPREADSHEET MANAGEMENT SOFTWARES: these are softwares that are used for calculation and they can also be for a little of graphic, word processing and data management. they are made up of rows and colomns which compse a table of cells. some examples are as follows;
Microsoft excel
lotuc 1,2,3
super calculation
quatro pro
matt card etc

3. CAD SOFTEWARES: these are softwares that are used for designing structural and engineering diagrams. they are also used for building plans etc and as the nameimplies, CAD means COMPUTER AIDED DESIGNS. examples are;
Auto Cad
design cad
auto sketch
Generic
Archi Cad etc

4. GRAPHIC SOFTWARES: Graphic softwares are used for drawing or producing beautiful pictures, objects, sketches and many more for use in desktop publishing and otherwise. example are as follow;
Free lance graphics
Corel draw
Adobe photoshop
photoshine
photoscape
photo studio
page maker and many more
(we will be dropping tips in COREL DRAW AND PHOTOSHOP BY MEANS OF VIDEOS ON OUR YOUTUBE CHANNEL SOON)

5. PROGRAMME LANGUAGE: these are softwares that are used for writing instructions for the computer to act on when solving is a problem. they require  master program known as computer for the translation of its statement to a machine language (CLOINARY DIGIT) a few examples are;
Basic
Clipper and many more

6. DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARES (DBMS): this is an acronym of data base management softwares. these are softwares that deals with a data base and a data base of file with a mass collection of data. the major function of this softwares are for collection, organising (sorting, filtering, moving etc) and storing huge amount of data base 10, fox proparadox, access cadb fast, file make symantec express etc.

7. ACCOUNTING SOFTWARES: these are softwares that makes accounting to be a very easy task. examples are;
Microsoft profits
Quick book
M.s money
Bonus pack
Peach tree
Ms project etc

WHATS THE CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT) AND ITS FUNCTION

This is one important part of the system that's makes the computer set complete.. Well as most individuals think, the central processing unit is this box seen below.

Am not surprised because i also have the same idea some time ago but after some personal research and some additional tutor from my fellow computer instructors i had a clear view of what the CPU is, what it does and how it does them and am happy to say am going to talk on the above aspects of the CPU. So, if your reading this now then count yourself lucky because there this is one great post you cant afford to miss. this is how it looks like, i bet you can see the difference now.

The CPU is regarded and seen as the brain of the computer system. The physical size of the CPU

, it is very very small in relation to the physical sizes of the input and output devices. Inside the computer is a silicon chip called the cpu, and with the help of the computers internal memory it is able to execute the instruction in a program or programs by performing simple logical operation at a very high speed.... the CPU carry out all these instructions from each program in sequence, to perform the basic, logical and input and output operations of the system. Over the years, the designs and implementation of the CPU has changed a lot but the basic function and  features and its fundamental operation remains much much the same..

FUNCTIONS OF THE CPU
the functions of the CPU of a computer are as follows:
The CPU holds the program instructions of a computer
It carries out data program instructions
It helps to update any master file that needs to be changed
It helps to produce output information's by transmitting through output devices
the CPU carries out the computers functions
these are just minor functions of the CPU............. 

DISCUSSING THE MONITOR

The monitor

The monitor is another majoy part of the computer system has it displays all on-going actions performed by any program been used by the computer operator. there is more to the computer system that goes beyound the eyes, there are some functions of the monitor that lots of software uses have failed to notice, we will highlight a few of them in this post, so we hope you enjoy it.
The monitor display data information that is been processed. what is seen in the flat surface of a cathode ray tubelike television screen. the display is made up of very small phosphorescent that combines in different pattern to form words, numbers and pictures, some show colour for compressive displays.
whatever is been processed in the CPU is what is been displayed in the monitor. hence we can say that the monitor is a very important part of the computer system.
there are two different types of monitor
we have the monochrome and the colour monitor.
1. Monochrome: this type of monitior displays in black and white colours on the screen. they are also called or refered to as NON-GRAPHIC monitors
2. Colour monitor: they are called colour monitor because of their ability of displaying colour on the graphic adaptor (G.C.G.A) screen. these type of monitors are discribed as graphic monitors because they do not only display graphics but they also display object oriented programs.
we have some examples of colour monitors

enhanced graphic adaptor (E.G.A)
video graphic adaptor (V.G.A)
super video graphic adapter (S.V.G.A)

Due to recent development, avaliability of flay screen monitors has been able to reduce some disadvantages of using a big monitor, this is as a result of lesser heat from these new monitors, the brightness and contrast and also the good visual display are also another way this has been able to help. So, if your not comfortable with your television-like monitor, you can go for a flat screen

COMPUTER MOUSE - USES AND IMPORTANCE

THE MOUSE
The mouse is another indispensable part of the computer system as it is also a part of the input devices just like the keyboard...

The mouse is an hand held device that is used for carrying out various tasks in the computer, such as

1. Point to and select objects on the screen.
2. Select and/or move data or files by dragging and dropping.
3. Execute programs and shortcuts, or open files.
4. Scroll application windows or web pages by clicking and holding a scroll bar or by moving the mouse wheel (third button wheel on some

mouse models).

This mentioned device is mostly used in Desktops, but for some reasons it is been used in laptops maybe due to a faulty touchpad

or due to the process of the user trying to adjust to the use of the touchpad, but all the same when this device is used in either cases it all

produces the same result.
The mouse is divided into 3 parts, which includes;

1. Left click button
2. Scroll button
3. right click button

USES OF THE MOUSE

As mentioned above, all different parts has their own functions, we will mention some of them as we proceed.. the right click is used for

clicking, double clicking, click and hold and dragging and many more. the scroll button also has its own features, with the help of this button a

user is able to navigate a page or a website simply my rolling the button up and down. While the right click button is used for displaying

properties among other options and many more. The right mouse button is often used to open contextual menus, which are pop-up menus

that change depending where you click. For example, if you right click on the desktop, you may see a menu pop up that includes "Change

View Options" and "Change Desktop Background." If you right click on a folder, the menu might include options such as "Open" and

"Properties." Certain programs, such as video games, may use the right click to perform other functions, such as firing a secondary weapon in

a first-person shooter. Most programs, however, use the right click to open contextual menus. etc

the mouse has numerous advantages and disadvantages, well for now the only disadvantage i can tell is that too much use of an hand held

mouse can lead to severe problems of the wrist. the advantages ofcource are much more than the demerits. without the mouse a desktop

computer is useless to some extent, especially when using programs like microsoft word, excel, power point, corel draw and lots more. this is

because there are more options to be carried out in these mentioned programs with the mouse. hence, trying to use such programs will only

mean a waste of our time.. drop your ideas and share with us and others,
thanks

THE COMPUTER KEYBOARD - ITS USES, IMPORTANCE AND ITS PROPERTIES

the keyboard
the keyboard is on important important input device among others, it is used fr entering information into the computer system.

the keyboard is the computer primary device, it is an indespensable part of any computer system. it consists of the following :
1. functional key (f1-f12)
2. typing keys (aphabeltical)
3. numerical keys (1,2,3)
4. cursor/navigational keys (up, doen,left and right)
5. text / computer keys
TYPES OF KEYBOARD
1. windows keyboard
2. enhanced keyboard
3. standard keyboard
there are some keys in the keyboard that are worth discussing, which we will do right away
How to use the following keys will be discussed
1. typing keys: As mentioned above, these keys are used for typing as their main funtion
2. the enter keys: While typing, for the neatness and orderliness of what we are typing, we ought to give lil space from one line to another at one time or another, using the enter key can help in this regard
3. space bar: While typing, for the beauty to be seen and also for the neatness, we ought to give lil space from each word at one time or another, using the space bar can help in this regard
4. cap lock: for typning in APLABELTICAL order. for this to be possibel, the user must press the cap locks key
5. some keys in the keyboard carries two funtions i.e key 8 has the * sign on top while 8 at the button, many other keys has this feature, well the * sign can only be used when the shift key is held down then the key * is pressed.
6. funtional keys: these keys are numbered from f1-f12, they have their different uses according to the different programs.
7. escape key: this key has lots of functions, it is used to exit programs, games and others
8. number lock: this key is only present some keyboards, its use is to type numeric values. the number lock is present at the right side of some keyboards, before it can begin functioning, the key should be active by pressing once before typing can begin

COMPUTER WARES: DESKTOP BACKGROUND

There is need for us to change the desktop background of our computer for one reason or the other. this is either for the beautification of the screen or for the application of other features such as themes and others.
The desktop background is that part of the screen of the computer where all the folders and icons and other files are seen. an example is seen below

Apart from folders, icons and files there are also other features specially designed, and thats no other feature than the task bar.

 the task bar has a lot of functionality which includes the following
1. The function of the task bar is to show you what programs are active at the moment.
2. You can use your task bar to switch between programs or to exit a program, among many others.
HOW TO CHANGE THE DESKTOP BACKGROUND IN WINDOW XP
1. right click on the desktop background
2. click on properties
3. click on desktop background
4. select a desired picture
5. click on OK
6. click on apply and click on OK again
HOW TO CHANGE THE DESKTOP IN WINDOWS 7 & 8
1. right click the desktop background
2. click on personalize
3. from the button click on desktop background
4. select picture location and select the picture
5. click on save changes

FOLDERS - DISCUSSION

as discussed in our previous post, a folder is where files (music and pictures), and sometimes programs are stored for reference purposes. well, i would love to say there was more untouched during the cource of those three topics in our last post, and thats the reason for this new post.
Folder is one very interesting topic in Microsoft windows, as time goes on your going to see reasons with me why i said so.
many of us today have seen a folder or folders, but some have failed to notice what theyare seeing, it might be that they do not have the idea or they have not seen it before, but whatever the case may be, i would love to tell you that this post does not only concern the computer users but also concern mobile users as well.........
HOW TO OPEN A FOLDER
there are two major ways
1. right click on the folder and click on open
2. double click on the folder
Now, for one reason or the other we are unable to change the icons of the folders in mobile phones, but it is very possible to change that on the computer, but how ? we'll see
USES OF A FOLDER
1. the main use of folders is to save files, documents and others..
HOW TO CHANGE THE ICON OF A FOLDER
1. right click on the folder
2. click on properties
3. click on customize
4. click on change icon (various icons will appear)
5. select a desired icon and click ok
6. click apply and click ok again
or follow the pictures below

RENAMING A FOLDER
For the safe identification and safe keeping of a folder, it needs to have a file name or a name, how can we do this ?
1. right click on the folder
2. click on rename
3. type a new or desired name and then press the enter key
Sometimes, we do see something that is beyound the eyes or rather something we fail to realise. the fact is that a foldr can be saved inside another folder. some might be asking how. well, its easy. but before i go into it, i wuld like to give an example of this fact. Now, for one reason or the other we have phones with memory cards that enables us to save our songs, pictures and others. now take music for example, when i open memory card in my phone, i click on music files, inside music files sometimes there are other folders like, "9JA SONGS, RNB, HIP HOP, POP" and others, inside all thess folders lies various songs. Now if you recall the original folder is named "MUSIC FILES" but inside it there are other folders. I'm sure the example matches with the discussion, in the same way, when we have an original folder in our computer we can likely do the same. its even easier when done with the computer, all you need to do is:
1. create a new folder by rightclicking on the desktop background, click on new and then click on folder or simply press "CONTROL + SHIFT + N" OR press the right click key on your keyboard and press W AND F after witch you rename the folder
2. open the folder
3. follow the same step in step one for creating a folder.
OR
1. create a folder
2. create another folder
3. cut the first folder and paste it in the second
both ways are working if operatig system permits
to be continued
For some reasons we might decide to delete a folder, the steps are easy.
1. simply click on the folder and press delete from the keyboard
OR
right click on the folder and click on delete
OR
click and hold and drag the folder to the recycle bin
if you need it back or want tips of removing the deleted item from the bin click here for more details

HOW TO KNOW YOUR WEBSITE SPEED

hello there, this post goes out to my peeps who are into either blogging or web designing in general.

well during my course of searching the internet on finding ways i can limit the load time of my blog,

9JALINKS. I happened to come across a post that actually shows why your

blog/website should load faster or slower and PINGDOM was introduced. using

pingdom will show you the reasons why your blog is slower while loading, the widgets you added and

all their sizes and according to other posts i have read, when your blog/site loads slowly they are

hardly seen in the Google search engine, hence your traffic is reduced...... we wont say much, all you

have to do it follow the link below
i think the fattest site with the best load time is NAIRALAND has it has little or no

pictures, while sites like WAPLOADED, NAIJALOADED also have their various load

time, WAPDYNAMO also have a short load time, as for us our load time remains the same, it

load in about 3.19 seconds with a total home page size of 1.9mb as shown below

 click on the link below check yours now
PINGDOM